Sarah Smith was not the typical child athlete. While she was involved in a traditional cocktail of sports, such as baseball, soccer, and swimming, it was the fact that she was the offspring of a former Stanford linebacker that truly set her apart. At the age of six she possessed the perfect athletic build, tall, muscular, yet slender, she was able to tower over boys and girls alike, utilizing a lethal mixture of grace, and power to overwhelm her competition in all three of her chosen sports. At the age of ten, Sarah had the unique opportunity of attending a swim training camp headed by Olympic athletes freshly returning from the two thousand summer Olympics. Inspired by the experience to become an Olympian herself, Sarah abandoned baseball and soccer, in order to completely dedicate herself to swimming. By the age of eleven Sarah had joined a highly competitive club team, and given her natural gift as an athlete, she flourished. Sarah shattered her old records, won nearly all of her races, and when all was said and done she was on a path to becoming one of Orange County’s premier youth swimmers. At the age of twelve Sarah suffered a foot injury, after falling off her back yard trampoline. She was advised by her doctors to avoid swimming for at least six months in order for the foot to heal, yet Sarah and her coaches had other plans. After merely a few weeks of rest, Sarah was back in the water practicing at full intensity, and swimming through a copious amount of pain due to her foot. Despite Sarah’s resilience and dedication to swimming, her efforts were not rewarded in competition. She added a great amount of time to her events, making her slower than when she was before she dedicated herself towards swimming. Winning a race became more of a pipe dream, as Sarah was lucky to even finish fifth place in her races. At the age of thirteen, Sarah vowed to never again step foot in a pool, quitting swimming forever, and ending her dream of becoming an Olympian.
As a competitive swim coach, stories like this are all too prevalent. Talented, hardworking kids set out on a quest to become professional athletes, only to have their dreams crushed by career ending injuries or a psychological collapses. The scary part is, the kids who I am referring to can be as young as eight years old. Presented with such a tragic scenario, one must ask themselves, what is it that pushes children to the “breaking point” ? Is it over competitive parents and coaches who push their young child athletes over the edge by pacing them through grueling practices and endless competition? Is it the actual sport itself being too rigorous for the child to physically handle at such a young age? Or is it the subconscious realization that the sacrifices it takes to become a professional athlete are too great for the typical second grader to endure?
If one were to survey the typical high school athlete from a few decades ago, as to what sport he or she played. The answer would most likely be a variety of sports, including a particular sport for each season of the year. In contrast, if one were to survey today’s high school athletes as to what sports they played, the answer would likely be single dimensional, with the only exception being athletes who played sports that directly built off each other, such as swimming and water polo, or track and cross country. Why is it that today’s athletes are only dedicating themselves to a few sports, as opposed to the broad array of sports that the athletes of years past participated in? The level of sporting competition has skyrocketed. With the development of traveling club teams, expensive private coaches, and an absolute drive to be the most successful athlete possible, the amount of dedication required to participate in sports has risen dramatically. Compare for instance my recreational swim team practices with that of a club team. My swim team practices for an hour a day, swimming no more than two thousand yards a day, with most of that being fairly easy stroke work. The typical club team on the other hand holds two practices a day, both of which last in excess of an hour and half, with the typical yardage of these practices being at least four thousand yards of rigorous swimming. It’s easy to see that there’s a stark difference between the level of commitment for a recreational team, and that of a hyper competitive club team. Given that contrast, it goes without saying that kids are being pushed too hard by their coaches and parents to compete at a level that is simply beyond their capabilities. From a physical standpoint, it’s no surprise that so many kids get injured at such an early age. For a developing child, swimming tens of thousands of yards each week, is just asking to increase their chances for a shoulder injury later on in life. Let’s not forget the psychological aspects either, few people yet alone children, can stand waking up in the early hours of the morning to do a rigorous practice of swimming, only to return later in the evening for an even harder practice. Contrary to popular belief amongst hyper competitive coaches and parents, the human mind and body does not function like a machine. Constant repetition of the same physical exercise and an endless cycle of rigorous practice and competition does take a toll on a person. While practice and consistency is necessary to properly develop a competitive athlete, the degree of which now required by club teams is far too great for children to handle, as evidenced by the sudden burst of sports related injuries amongst youth in recent years.
The average swimmer burns twenty three calories per twenty five yard lap in a standard pool, more if their heart rate is elevated. Considering that a club level swimmer will most likely swim between six thousand and eight thousand yards a day, they will literally burn about six thousand to eight thousand calories a day, or to better quantify that, three to four days worth of food. Given this example, it is safe to investigate the possibility that the sports of today’s youth athletes are too rigorous for them to be participating in. High intensity, endurance based sports such as Swimming, Cross Country, Track, and many more, require an absolute drive for conditioning with the average practices of these sports being mini-marathons each and every day. High impact sports such as gymnastics and cheer also pose a serious risk for developing children as the level of impact on the developing joints makes them susceptible to an abundance of injuries. Compare high endurance or acrobatic based sports with that of more traditional sports such as football, soccer, baseball, and basketball, and it is obvious why these traditional sports have less “burn outs” and “injuries”. The average practices for these kinds of sports, while intense, are separated by periods of conditioning, technique, and strategy placing less overall stress on the body in comparison to the condition based practices of endurance sports and acrobatics. In fact it is more likely that athletes of traditional sports will develop injuries simply due to in game mishaps, and accidents, as opposed to over stressing certain areas of the body. Obviously, it would be absurd to suggest that children should not run, swim, or participate in acrobatics. However, due to their aggressive nature on the body, the intensity and time spent performing these activities should be strictly controlled.
The chances of becoming a professional athlete are miniscule. Of all the athletes that play high school football only one percent of those athletes go on to play in college, and of those college athletes, only one percent of them go on to play professionally. When all is said and done, one would have a greater chance of being struck by lightning, as opposed to becoming a professional athlete. Even if one were to become a professional athlete, there’s still a very prevalent chance of injury prematurely ending one’s professional career. Given such impervious odds for success it’s no surprise that somewhere down the road a child realizes that even given their hard work and dedication to a sport, their chances for success are minute. Once an athlete comes to this realization, it is very hard from a psychological standpoint to stay motivated, especially given the rigorous practices day in and day out that they most likely endure. Due to our very nature as humans, once the positive reward for our efforts is removed, our willingness to continue such efforts drastically wanes, and thus we move on. This same behavior is demonstrated in child athletes, who upon realizing that the desired results for their hard work and dedication, will never come to fruition, will simply quite the sport of their choice, often feeling dejected and bitter afterwards.
Given the hyper competitive state of today’s youth sports a poignant line is being drawn in regards to the limits of today’s youth. From a physical and psychological standpoint the rigors of hyper competitive teams are too much for all, but the most gifted of athletic prodigies to bear. So what can be done to help ensure that children continue to participate in sports, without the fear of injury due to overexertion or psychological breakdown due to rigors of hyper competitive teams? Instead of completely dedicating children to one sport for them to participate in, allow them to participate in a variety of sports. From a physical standpoint the variety of the sports will help ensure that not one portion of the body is stressed too much to the point in which an injury is likely to occur. On the psychological front the variation of sports will keep each sport “fresh” and “new” as they rotate between sports. Let’s also consider the myriad of life lessons that a variety of sports will bring to children as opposed to that of a single sport. There’s no way that a child involved in an individualistic sport like swimming can learn the value of team work. However, a child involved in football, swimming, and baseball could learn the value of teamwork from football, develop discipline and sportsmanship from baseball, and practice the conditioning habits instilled by swimming. This is not to say that a single sport cannot teach all of these aspects, however a myriad of sports develops these attributes to a far more comprehensive and greater degree. In the end of the day, what is the true purpose of youth sports? Constantly training with the intent of eventually making millions of dollars, or the development of sound life lessons which will be imperative for success later in life?